Flame interrogatory for cations
Flame test
Introduction
The brand color of gathering 1, 2, and one Transition group metals.
A number of third estate metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr+, and Cu2+) give a distinct color to aflame. Therefore, a flame test is oftentimes used as a confirmatory test in identifying an unknown metal.
Apparatus
Nichrome wire
etna burner
Solutions listed below in the table
Method
The Bunsen burners flame should be blue and the metallic (more often nichrome alloy) loop placed on the tippytoe of the blue inside(a) cone of the flame.
First, wash the loop dipping it into hydrochloric acid, rinsing with distilled water and checking the flame is no longer colored, so you are sure the test is not invalidated by any previous experiments.
displace some crystals of sample or dip it into the solution to be tested.
Put the loop once again on the tip of the inner blue cone of the flame and observe.
Name of flux | Cation| Observation|
Barium chloride| Ba2+| Orange|
Potassium chloride| K+| reddened orange|
Copper chloride| Cu2+| Blue green|
Calcium chloride| Ca2+| crimson|
Lithium chloride| Li+| Vibrant red|
Sodium chloride| Na+| Orange|
Strontium chloride| St2+| Dark orange, hot pick|
see tube reactions to identify anions
Result of test tube reactions
demonstrate| Observation| Inference|
Carbonate| Limewater turns milky| Carbonate(CO32-) is present|
Chloride| wide white light| essay contains chloride(cl)|
Bromide| Cream precipitate| Sample contains Bromide(BR-)|
Iodide| Pale yellow precipitate| Sample contains Iodide(I-)|
sulfate| albumen precipitate does not dissolve in charge hydrochloric acid| Sample contains SO42- ion and its a sulphate|
Sulphite| White precipitate does dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid| Sample |
Halides| No precipitate seen| Sample does not contain halides ion|
P3
reception with sodium carbonate
Introduction
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